Elections in Walneria

The Confederacy of Walneria is a constitutional republic with regular elections for many offices and assemblies. Every citizen aged 18 years at the second day of the election is eligible to vote in all elections. Citizens of Walneria have the right to vote in the elections for:

• National Assembly
  • Grand National Assembly
• President
• Regional council or autonomous parliament in the region they are a permanent resident of
• County council if they are a resident in one of the Special Counties in Walneria or the Consular assembly if they reside abroad
• Municipal council in the municipality they are a permanent resident of
• Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Democratically-Aligned Nations

Elections are usually coupled, with the regional elections, county elections and municipal elections taking place at the same time.

Timing

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National Assembly

Main article: National Assembly of Walneria

Electoral constituencies for the National Assembly of Walneria following the 2023 referendum

National Assembly is elected once every 4 years for 4 year terms. The right to be elected has every citizen aged at least 21 on the second day of the election. A total of 130 seats are elected using a proportional system. Early elections can be called, if:

1. The President dissolves the National Assembly because it failed to convene at least once every three months
2. The National Assembly dissolved with a ³/₅ majority vote
3. One or more people in the Presidium is convicted of treason, sabotage, espionage, war crimes, crimes against the teritorial integrity of Walneria, crimes against democracy and/or crimes against humanity

Following the 2023 electoral law referendum, the parties have the right to decide on which of the three permissible principles are they going to follow for the election (but they can choose at most one):

1. A single party list at large with no more than 130 candidates
2. Regional party lists in the 9 regions and 2 settlement areas with no more than a floor function of the 1.5 × number of candidates that would proportionally be apportioned to the said electoral regions under equal turnout in all electoral regions, but not less than 5 candidates total
3. Regional party lists with the same rules and local party lists in the Special counties with no more than a floor function of the 1.5 × number of candidates that would proportionally be apportioned to the said electoral county under equal turnout in all electoral regions and counties, but not less than 2 candidates total

Seats are apportioned to each party based on the at large result using D'Hondt method, but seats are apportioned only to those parties which crossed the electoral threshold. Seats are then apportioned between electoral constituencies within every party that opted for regional and/or local lists using Sainte-Laguë method. Both the Ustokan minority and the Malenik minority have reserved at least 6 seats through the Minority Caucus.

There are multiple electoral thresholds, where at least one must be met in order to enter the National Assembly:

Type of candidate	Threshold
Single party	4% at large	8% in at least 3 regions
Alliance of 2 parties	6% at large	12% in at least 3 regions
Alliance of 3 parties	8% at large	16% in at least 3 regions
Alliance of 4 or more parties	10% at large	20% in at least 3 regions
Party representing a national minority	No threshold for the first seat, then to every other same as for a single party
Independent candidate	~0.769% at large

The Constitution of Walneria demands, that at least 3 subjects (excluding minority parties unless they cross the threshold and independent politicians) be represented in the National Assembly, so if less than three parties cross the threshold, the thresholds are lowered until at least three parties have seats in the National Assembly. At-large thresholds are lowered by the same amount and thresholds on the regional level are lowered by an amount that is double that of the at-large threshold for each of the respective subject.

Moreover, the Constitution provides for a emergency break mechanism, where if a single running subject recieves ³/₅ of seats or more, more seats are added for other parties to the convocation until they are proportionally just below the ³/₅ threshold. This provision was introduced to ensure, that even if a party wins a supermajority, they do not have alone the power to impeach the President or influence the Constitutional Court. This has never happened in Walnerian history.

Party lists are semi-open and voters get to select a number of candidates using approval voting. During the election, votes are tallied and any candidate that recieves at least ^1.5/_𝓃 preferrential votes (where 𝓃 is the number of candidates on the list) gets to skip the order in which they appear and are placed on top. Any and all candidates that manage to skip the set-out order are then ordered by the total number of preferrential votes on top of the party list.

Grand National Assembly

Main article: Grand National Assembly of Walneria

Single-member electoral districts for the Grand National Assembly of Walneria

The election to the Grand National Assembly takes place once every 5 convocations of the National Assembly. A total of 250 members are elected in two rounds. Of those, 50 members are elected in single-member districts, while the remaining 200 are elected in multi-party districts.

Majoritarian election

50 members are elected in single member districts using a modified two round system.

In the first round, which takes place at the same time as the first round of the proportional election, voters choose from all candidates qualified to run for the election in the specific district they vote in using cumulative voting. The two highest rankind candidates continue to the second round, others are eliminated (but if there is a tie, every candidate tying for the first or second place continues to the second round).

In the second round, which takes place at the same time as the second round of the proportional election, each voter casts a single vote and the candidate with the most votes wins. If there is a tie, votes from the first round are added to the total. If the tie remains, then a lot is drawn to determine the winner.

Proportional election

200 members are elected using a system similar to that of the National Assembly, but using a modified two-round system.

In the first round, which takes place at the same time as the first round of the majoritarian election, all parties are running for 100 seats (¹/₂ of the proportional seats) using the same system as for the ordinary National Assembly, except that instead of 130 seats, only 100 are elected. Any party that crosses the electoral threshold qualifies to run in the second round, but any party that failed to meet it is disqualified from running. The rationale behind this is, that every voter should have the option to have at least one of the two votes they may potentially cast counted, and allowing parties that failed to qualify in the first election into the second may not allow it.

In the second round, which takes place at the same time as the second round of the majoritarian election, all qualified parties from the first round are running for the other 100 seats (¹/₂ of the proportional seats). This time, there is not electoral threshold, as all the running parties already qualified, but other than that, the system is identical to that of the first round.

In every round, the Ustokan and the Malenik minority have 5 seats reserved each.

President

Main article: President of Walneria

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Regional councils

Main article: Administrative divisions of Walneria

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County councils

Main article: Special Counties in Walneria

Special counties of Walneria in red

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Municipal councils

Main article: Administrative divisions of Walneria

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Referendums

Main article: Referenda in Walneria

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Parliamentary Assembly of CDAN

Main article: Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Democratically-Aligned Nations

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See also

• Politics of Walneria
• Government of Walneria
• National Assembly of Walneria
• Special Counties in Walneria