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The '''Walnerian orthography''' ([[Walnerian language|Walnerian]]: ''Rósbérisse ortografie'') is a set of rules, that guide the written form of the [[Walnerian language]].
The '''Walnerian orthography''' ([[Walnerian language|Walnerian]]: ''Rósbérisse ortografie''; in [[wikipedia:Blackletter|blackletter]] {{font|Rósbériſſe ortografie|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}) is a set of rules, that guide the written form of the [[Walnerian language]].
==Alphabet==
==Alphabet==
{{Infobox writing system
{{Infobox writing system
| name      = [[Walnerian language|{{Black|Walnerian}}]] alphabet
| name      = [[Walnerian language|{{Black|Walnerian}}]] alphabet
| altname  = Rósbérisses alfabét
| altname  = Rósbérisses alfabét<br>{{font|Rósbériſſes aľfabét|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}
| type      = Alphabet<!-- (see type options below) -->
| type      = Alphabet<!-- (see type options below) -->
| qid      =
| qid      =
Line 37: Line 37:
| footnotes = <!--  (Some information about the writing system) -->
| footnotes = <!--  (Some information about the writing system) -->
| ipa-note      = <!-- (set to "none" to cancel IPA warning) -->}}
| ipa-note      = <!-- (set to "none" to cancel IPA warning) -->}}
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
[[File:WalnerianAlphabetTable.png|250px|thumb|Walnerian alphabet table]]
{| style="<!--font-family:Arial Unicode MS;--> font-size:1.5<!--1.3-->em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''A a'''<br>/a ~ ɑ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''A a'''<br>/a ~ ɑ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Á á'''<br>/aː ~ ɑː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Á á'''<br>/aː ~ ɑː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''B b'''<br>/b/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''B b'''<br>/b/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''C c'''<br>/ts/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''C c'''<br>/t͡s/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Cs cs'''<br>//
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Cs cs'''<br>/t͡ʃ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''D d'''<br>/d/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''D d'''<br>/d/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''E e'''<br>/ɛ ~ e/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''E e'''<br>/ɛ ~ e/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''É é'''<br>/ɛː ~ eː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''É é'''<br>/ɛː ~ eː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ë ë'''<br>/ə/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Ë}} ë'''<br>/ə ~ ◌̩/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''F f'''<br>/f/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''F f'''<br>/f/
|-
|-
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| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Q q}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/kv/}}
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Q q}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/kv/}}
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''R r'''<br>/r/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''R r'''<br>/r/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ŕ ŕ'''<br>/ʁ̩ ~ ə/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Ŕ}} ŕ'''<br>/ʁ̩ ~ ə/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''S s'''<br>/s/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''S s'''<br>/s/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ss ss'''<br>/ʃ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ss ss'''<br>/ʃ/
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| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|}
|}
==Historical development==
==Historical development==
From a historical digraph alphabet, the script developed from the [[wikipedia:Early New High German|Early New High Dolch]] orthographies. The changes either follow the [[Walnerian language#Changes in phonology|phonetic shifts]] (for example the phonetical shifts from [[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|/æ/]] and [[wikipedia:Open-mid front rounded vowel|/œ/]] to [[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛː/]], or shift from [[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|/a]]͡[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u/]] to [[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|/ɔː/]]).
From a historical digraph alphabet, the script developed from the [[wikipedia:Early New High German|Early New High Dolch]] orthographies. The changes either follow the [[Walnerian language#Changes in phonology|phonetic shifts]] (for example the phonetical shifts from [[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|/æ/]] and [[wikipedia:Open-mid front rounded vowel|/œ/]] to [[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛː/]], or shift from [[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|/a]]͡[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u/]] to [[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|/ɔː/]]).


Changes in orthography without the phonetical shift include:
Changes in orthography without the phonetical shift include:
*SS → S
*SS/[[wikipedia:ß|ẞ]] → S
*S → Z
*S → Z
*Z → C
*Z → C
Line 97: Line 99:
*OH/OO → Ó
*OH/OO → Ó
*UH/UU → Ú
*UH/UU → Ú
==Current usage==
==Current usage==
===[[wikipedia:Ŕ|R Accute]]===
===[[wikipedia:Ŕ|R Accute]]===
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=====Other syllables of a word=====
=====Other syllables of a word=====
*Li{{color|#C60000|s}}te ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "List", [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /li{{color|#C60000|s}}te/)
*Li{{color|#C60000|s}}te ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "List", [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /li{{color|#C60000|s}}te/)
*Kno{{color|#C60000|s}}pe ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "Bud", [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /knɔ{{color|#C60000|s}}pe/)
*Kno{{color|#C60000|s}}pa ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "Bud", [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /knɔ{{color|#C60000|s}}pa/)
 
=====First syllables of a coumpound word=====
=====First syllables of a coumpound word=====
*Haup{{color|#C60000|s}}tád ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "Capital city", [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ɦaup{{color|#C60000|ʃ}}taːd/)
*Hóp{{color|#C60000|s}}todál ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "Capital city", [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ɦɔːp{{color|#C60000|ʃ}}tɔdaːl/)
*Bal{{color|#C60000|s}}piel ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "Ball game", [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /bɑl{{color|#C60000|ʃ}}piːl/)
*Bai{{color|#C60000|s}}píl ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "Example", [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /bɑj{{color|#C60000|ʃ}}piːl/)
 
===[[wikipedia:J|J]] vs. [[wikipedia:I|I]]===
===[[wikipedia:J|J]] vs. [[wikipedia:I|I]]===
{{Symb|J j|serifs}}
{{Symb|J j|serifs}}
For the sound [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|/j/]] behind a vowel, letter I is used instead of a J (That means that in -AJ- should be replaced with -AI-). This rule doesn't apply to the compound words.
For the sound [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|/j/]] behind a vowel, letter I is used instead of a J (That means that in -AJ- should be replaced with -AI-). This rule doesn't apply to the compound words or words of a foreign origin:
*Cviss{{color|#C60000|j}}ár ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "Year in between")
*De {{color|#C60000|j}}úre ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "By the law", or simply ''[[wikipedia:De jure|de jure]]'')
*A{{color|#C60000|i}}nika{{color|#C60000|i}}t ([[wikipedia:English language|English]]: "Uniquity")
===[[wikipedia:Allography|Allography]]===
{{Symb|Ꞓꞓ Ħħ Ꞩꞩ|serifs}}
The modern Walnerian orthography allows [[wikipedia:Allography|allographic]] forms for digraphs:
*[[wikipedia:C with bar|''C with bar'']] for digraph CS
*[[wikipedia:Ꞩ|''S with an oblique stroke'']] for digraph SS. If in fraktur, a stroked variant of long S also may be used, creating the set of {{font|Ꞩẜꞩ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}
*[[wikipedia:H with stroke|''H with stroke'']] for digraph CH
Two out of those three digraphs are commonly used in the [[Jalov dialect]].
 
==Fraktur orthography==
{{Infobox writing system
| name      = [[Walnerian language|{{Black|Walnerian}}]] fraktur alphabet
| altname  = Rósbérisses fraktúr alfabét<br>{{font|Rósbériſſes fraktúr aľfabét|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}
| type      = Alphabet<!-- (see type options below) -->
| qid      =
<!-- The following three fields, prefixed SH (ShortHand), are used only if the type parameter is set as "shorthand" or "stenography": -->
| SHline    = <!-- ("light" or "heavy" - heavy-line shorthands distinguish thick and thin strokes) -->
| SHtype    = <!-- (see SHtype options below) -->
| SHform    = <!-- (see SHform options below) -->
 
| typedesc  = <!-- (For providing additional info after a general type) -->
| creator  = <!-- (Use instead of famN for artificially created writing systems) -->
| date      = <!-- (Date created) -->
| published = <!-- (Date published - for shorthands and script reforms) -->
| time      = <!-- (Time period during which system was in use) -->
| official script =
| languages =
*[[Walnerian language]]
| fam1      = [[wikipedia:Latin script|Latin script]]<!-- (Use famN to specify parent writing system/s. -->
| fam2      = [[wikipedia:Blackletter|Blackletter]]<!--  Up to 15 parent writing systems can be listed,
  ...          fam1 being the oldest.) -->
| fam15    =
| print    = <!-- (the print basis/model of a braille script} -->
| sisters  = <!-- (For sister writing systems here with common origin) -->
| children  = <!-- (For child writing systems) -->
| sample    = Half_r_from_malmesbury_bible.jpg<!-- (Sample image, WITHOUT "Image:" prefix) -->
| imagesize = <!-- (Sample image's size) -->
| caption  = Example of [[wikipedia:R rotunda|R rotunda (ꝛ)]] in a word<!-- (Description of sample image) -->
| direction = <!-- writing direction; when empty: will be read from Wikidata -->
| direction comment =
| unicode  = <!-- (To specify a Unicode range) -->
| iso15924  = <!--  (Either the ISO 15924 four-letter code or number. Template will automatically display both) -->
| iso15924 note = <!-- (To specify more text on the ISO 15924 four-letter codes, e.g. variants, aliases) -->
| footnotes = <!--  (Some information about the writing system) -->
| ipa-note      = }}
[[File:WalnerianFrakturTable.png|250px|thumb|Walnerian Fraktur alphabet table]]
{{NoticeFraktur}}
In the case [[Walnerian language]] is to be written in [[wikipedia:Fraktur|Fraktur]], there are a bit different rules to orthography, creating the '''Walnerian Fraktur Orthography''' (Walnerian: ''Rósbérisses fraktúr ortografie''; in [[wikipedia:Blackletter|blackletter]] {{font|Rósbériſſes fraktúr ortografie|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}), which guides the rules only for if the font is of the [[wikipedia:Blackletter|blackletter]] family.
 
Contrary to the popular opinion, the Fraktur Orthography is not the older [[Walnerian language#Zusamëlfasunk|Zusamëlfasunk]] orthography, but developed from it independently relative to the main Walnerian orthography.
{| style="<!--font-family:Arial Unicode MS;--> font-size:1.5<!--1.3-->em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|A a|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/a ~ ɑ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Á á|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/aː ~ ɑː/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Æ æ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ɛː ~ æː/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|B b|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/b/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|C c|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/t͡s/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Cſ cſ cs|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/t͡ʃ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|D d|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/d/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|E e|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ɛ ~ e/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|É é|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ɛː ~ eː/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|{{color|#808080|Ə}} ə|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ə ~ ◌̩/
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|F f|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/f/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|G g|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ɡ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|H h|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ɦ ~ h/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Ch ch|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/x/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|I i|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/i ~ ɪ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Í í|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/iː ~ ɪː/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|J j|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/j/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|K k|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/k/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|L l ľ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/l/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|M m|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/m/
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|N n|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/n/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|O o|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ɔ ~ o/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Ó ó|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ɔː ~ oː/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Œ œ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ɛː ~ œː/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|P p|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/p/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|{{color|#808080|Q q}}|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>{{color|#808080|/kv/}}
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|R r|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/r/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|{{color|#808080|<big><big>ꝛ</big></big>}} ꝛ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ʁ̩ ~ ə/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|S ſ s|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/s/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Sſ ſſ ſs|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/ʃ/
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|T t|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/t/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|U u|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/u/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Ú ú|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/uː/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|V v|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/v/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|{{color|#808080|W w}}|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>{{color|#808080|/w/}}
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|{{color|#808080|X x}}|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>{{color|#808080|/ks/}}
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Y y|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/y ~ yː/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{font|Z z|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<br>/z/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|}
Main difference from the main orthography is the preservation of the [[wikipedia:Long s|long S (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">ſ</span>/ſ)]], vowel shift denotation symbols for shifts [[wikipedia:Æ|Ä→É (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">Æ</span>/Æ)]] and [[wikipedia:Œ|Ö→É (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">Œ</span>/Œ)]], usage of [[wikipedia:Ə|turned e (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">ə</span>/ə)]] instead of ë, two miniscule versions of the letter L (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">ľ</span>;<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">l</span>) and preservation of [[wikipedia:R rotunda|R rotunda (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">ꝛ</span>/ꝛ)]] rather than introducing ŕ.
===Long and rounded S===
<div style="float:right; margin: 0 0 0.2em 0.2em; padding: 0.2em 0.6em; font: 350% sans-serif; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: #DDF; border: 1px solid #AAF;“>{{font|S ſ s|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<!--<br>{{font|S ſ s|font=sans-serif}}<br>{{font|S ſ s|font=serif}}--></div>
The Fraktur orthography still uses both [[wikipedia:Long s|long]] and [[wikipedia:S|rounded]] S letters as a miniscule.
 
The rules on writing those are:
* [[wikipedia:Long s|Long S (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">ſ</span>/ſ)]] is written, if it is on the beginning or in the middle of a syllable
* [[wikipedia:S|Rounded S (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">s</span>/s)]] is written on the end of a syllable or if they act as a [[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|syllabic consonant]]
Both [[wikipedia:S|rounded S (s)]] & [[wikipedia:Long s|long S (ſ)]], if [[wikipedia:Capitalization|capitalizated]], are written as a regular S
 
This applies to both digraphs including the letter S ({{font|Cſ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}/Cs & {{font|Sſ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}/Ss). Long S (ſ) is used again in the case, that the digraph stands on the beginning or the middle of a syllable, while Rounded S (s) is used if the digraphs stands on the end of a syllable or is syllabic.
 
The digraph {{font|ſs|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}/ss always uses the long S for the initial letter of the digraph, creating variants:
*{{font|Ss|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}} - For alone standing digraph Ss
*{{font|Sſ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}} - For the initial capitalised digraph Ss
*{{font|ſſ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}} - For the initial or medial letter of a syllable
*{{font|ſs|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}} - For the finial letter of a syllable
===Variants of the É===
Besides the regular {{font|Éé|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}/Éé, there are two more letters, the letter {{font|Ææ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}/[[wikipedia:Æ|Ææ]], which stands in the places, where the sound is equivalent version to the [[wikipedia:German language|Dolch]] sound Ä, and the letter {{font|Œœ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}/[[wikipedia:Œ|Œœ]], which stands in the places, where the sound is equivalent version to the [[wikipedia:German language|Dolch]] sound Ö. Those letters were used commonly in the regular orthography until mid 18th century.
 
===Hard and soft L===
<div style="float:right; margin: 0 0 0.2em 0.2em; padding: 0.2em 0.6em; font: 350% sans-serif; line-height: 1.1em; background-color: #DDF; border: 1px solid #AAF;“>{{font|L l ľ|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}<!--<br>{{font|L l ꝉ|font=sans-serif}}<br>{{font|L l ꝉ|font=serif}}--></div>
The Fraktur orthography still uses both soft blackletter miniscule l (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">l</span>) and hard blackletter miniscule l (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">ľ</span>). It was originally taken from the Yasic soft and hard L rules, but eventually merged with other rules, simplifying it:
 
The rules on writing those are:
*Soft L (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">l</span>) is written before the vowels or if the letter is syllabic (that means, behind <span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">ə</span>/ë)
*Hard L (<span style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;">ľ</span>) is written before consonants or on the end of the world
===Comparison of the two orthographies===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2" style="font-family:sans-serif"|Order
!1 !!2 !!3 !!4 !!colspan="2"|5 !!6 !!7 !!colspan="3"|8 !!9 !!10 !!11 !!12 !!13 !!14 !!15 !!16 !!17 !!colspan="2"|18 !!19 !!20 !!21 !!22 !!23 !!24 !!25 !!26 !!colspan="2"|27 !!colspan="2"|28 !!29 !!30 !!31 !!32 !!33 !!34 !!35 !!36
|-
!rowspan="2" style="font-family:sans-serif"|Normal !!style="font-family:sans-serif"|[[wikipedia:Capital letters|Majuscule]]
|A ||Á ||B ||C ||colspan="2"|Cs ||D ||E ||colspan="3"|É ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ë ||F ||G ||H ||Ch ||I ||Í ||J ||K ||colspan="2"|L
|M ||N ||O ||Ó ||P ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Q ||R ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ŕ ||colspan="2"|S ||colspan="2"|Ss ||T ||U ||Ú ||V ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|W ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|X ||Y ||Z
|-
!style="font-family:sans-serif"|[[wikipedia:Lower case|Minuscule]]
|a ||á ||b ||c ||colspan="2"|cs ||d ||e ||colspan="3"|é ||ë ||f ||g ||h ||ch ||i ||í ||j ||k ||colspan="2"|l
|m ||n ||o ||ó ||p ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|q ||r ||ŕ ||colspan="2"|s ||colspan="2"|ss ||t ||u ||ú ||v ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|w ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|x ||y ||z
|-style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia"
!rowspan="2" style="font-family:sans-serif"|[[wikipedia:Fraktur|Fraktur]] !!style="font-family:sans-serif"|[[wikipedia:Capital letters|Majuscule]]
|A ||Á ||B ||C ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|Cſ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|Cs ||D ||E ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|É ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1; border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|Æ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|Œ ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ə ||F ||G ||H ||Ch ||I ||Í ||J ||K ||colspan="2"|L
|M ||N ||O ||Ó ||P ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Q ||R ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ꝛ ||colspan="2"|S ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|Sſ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|Ss ||T ||U ||Ú ||V ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|W ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|X ||Y ||Z
|-style="font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia"
!style="font-family:sans-serif"|[[wikipedia:Lower case|Minuscule]]
|a ||á ||b ||c ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|cſ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|cs ||d ||e ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|é ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1; border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|æ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|œ ||ə ||f ||g ||h ||ch ||i ||í ||j ||k ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|l ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ľ
|m ||n ||o ||ó ||p ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|q ||r ||ꝛ ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ſ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|s ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ſſ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ſs ||t ||u ||ú ||v ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|w ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|x ||y ||z
|-
!colspan="2" style="font-family:sans-serif"|[[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA Sound]]
|[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] ||[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|aː]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|t͡ɕ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ||colspan="3"|[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛː]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] ||[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|ə]]<br>[[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|◌̩]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]<br>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]] ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]]<br>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪː]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]]
|[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔː]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|k͡v ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|r]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ̩]]<br>[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|ə]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]] ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|[[wikipedia:Voiced labialized-velar approximant|w]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar approximant|ɰ]] ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|k͡s ||[[wikipedia:Close front rounded vowel|y]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close front rounded vowel|yː]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
|}
===Marcation of Anglish in Walnerian===
{{Symb|Th th ᵺ|serifs}}
[[Walnerian language|Walnerian]]-[[wikipedia:English language|Anglish]] dictionary includes few notable characters in the translations, most notably:
*A line below for the [[wikipedia:Stress (linguistics)|primary stress]] (as the stress is always on the first syllable in Walnerian proper).
**Example: ''„Wh̩at w̩as ᵺ̩e obs̩ession ab̩out“''
*Slash through the miniscule [[wikipedia:Th (digraph)|th]] (making it a [[wikipedia:Th (digraph)#ᵺ|ᵺ]]) for the cases where the letter denotes the [[wikipedia:Voiced dental fricative|<nowiki>voiced dental fricative [ð]</nowiki>]], to distinguish it from the [[wikipedia:Voiceless dental fricative|<nowiki>voiceless dental fricative [θ]</nowiki>]].
**Example: ''„I̩ th̩ink ᵺ̩at ᵺ̩is th̩ing m̩ay b̩e ᵺ̩eirs“''
*[[wikipedia:Breve|Breve]] below [[wikipedia:Silent letter|silent letters]], helping to denote them as not being pronounced (only for consonants), the [[wikipedia:Gh (digraph)|digraph gh]] is written with a connecting single breve (making it a g͜h).
**Example: ''„Th̩e ḫo̩norary c̩lass h̩ad t̩oo m̩any s̩ub̮tle th̩oug͜htful a̩nsw̮ers“''
So the word "[[wiktionary:though#English|though]]" ([[wikipedia:Received Pronunciation|RP]]: /ðəʊ/; [[wikipedia:General American English|GA]]: /ðoʊ/) would be found in the dictionary produced in Walneria as "ᵺ̩oug͜h"
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Latest revision as of 03:44, 18 September 2022

The Walnerian orthography (Walnerian: Rósbérisse ortografie; in blackletter Rósbériſſe ortografie) is a set of rules, that guide the written form of the Walnerian language.

Alphabet

Walnerian alphabet
Rósbérisses alfabét
Rósbériſſes aľfabét
Chodowiecki Basedow Tafel 21 c Z.jpg
First ever Walnerian printing press, 1650's
Type
Alphabet
Languages
Parent systems
Walnerian alphabet table
A a
/a ~ ɑ/
Á á
/aː ~ ɑː/
B b
/b/
C c
/t͡s/
Cs cs
/t͡ʃ/
D d
/d/
E e
/ɛ ~ e/
É é
/ɛː ~ eː/
Ë ë
/ə ~ ◌̩/
F f
/f/
G g
/ɡ/
H h
/ɦ ~ h/
Ch ch
/x/
I i
/i ~ ɪ/
Í í
/iː ~ ɪː/
J j
/j/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
M m
/m/
N n
/n/
O o
/ɔ ~ o/
Ó ó
/ɔː ~ oː/
P p
/p/
Q q
/kv/
R r
/r/
Ŕ ŕ
/ʁ̩ ~ ə/
S s
/s/
Ss ss
/ʃ/
T t
/t/
U u
/u/
Ú ú
/uː/
V v
/v/
W w
/w/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/y ~ yː/
Z z
/z/

Historical development

From a historical digraph alphabet, the script developed from the Early New High Dolch orthographies. The changes either follow the phonetic shifts (for example the phonetical shifts from /æ/ and /œ/ to /ɛː/, or shift from /a͡u/ to /ɔː/).

Changes in orthography without the phonetical shift include:

  • SS/ → S
  • S → Z
  • Z → C
  • Ü → Y

Later in the mid 17th century, accute was introduced for the long vowels, replacing the digraphs:

  • IE/IH/II → Í
  • AH/AA → Á
  • EH/EE → É
  • OH/OO → Ó
  • UH/UU → Ú

Current usage

R Accute

Ŕ ŕ
Ŕ ŕ

The letter R Accute (Ŕ) was introduced in early 19th century, replacing the digraph ER in cases, where the phonological shift /əˑʀ/ → /ʁ̩ ~ ə/ happened.

Digraphs

There are three digraphs in the Walnerian language (CS for /t͡ʃ/, CH for /x/, SS for /ʃ/). They are a remnant of the old digraph orthography and some people support their replacement with diacritic characters. The most popular of those proposal suggests replacing the digraphs with circumflexed letters C, H and S, possibly being inspired by Esperanto, which gained popularity in Walneria in mid 1950's.

  • Cs cs → Ĉ ĉ
  • Ch ch → Ĥ ĥ
  • Ss ss → Ŝ ŝ

E Diaeresis

Ë ë
Ë ë

The letter E Diaeresis (Ë) was introduced around the same time as the Accuted R (Ŕ), replacing the letter E in endings and other syllables, where it either became silent and another sound became syllabic, or the /ɛ/ sound was reduced to /ə/. The most common example may be the -ën ending in the infinite forms of the verbs. Examples of the words including multiple syllabic letters may be:

S vs. SS

Ss ss
Ss ss

In front of the letters P, T, if in the first syllable of a word, or a word compound, the letter SS, representing the /ʃ/ sound is written only as a S. Examples of the orthography may include:

First syllable of a word
Other syllables of a word
First syllables of a coumpound word
  • Hópstodál (English: "Capital city", IPA: /ɦɔːpʃtɔdaːl/)
  • Baispíl (English: "Example", IPA: /bɑjʃpiːl/)

J vs. I

J j
J j

For the sound /j/ behind a vowel, letter I is used instead of a J (That means that in -AJ- should be replaced with -AI-). This rule doesn't apply to the compound words or words of a foreign origin:

Allography

Ꞓꞓ Ħħ Ꞩꞩ
Ꞓꞓ Ħħ Ꞩꞩ

The modern Walnerian orthography allows allographic forms for digraphs:

Two out of those three digraphs are commonly used in the Jalov dialect.

Fraktur orthography

Walnerian fraktur alphabet
Rósbérisses fraktúr alfabét
Rósbériſſes fraktúr aľfabét
Half r from malmesbury bible.jpg
Example of R rotunda (ꝛ) in a word
Type
Alphabet
Languages
Parent systems
Walnerian Fraktur alphabet table
Schriftzug Fraktur.svg This section includes blackletter characters
- Please check if you have the font UnifrakturMaguntia installed -

In the case Walnerian language is to be written in Fraktur, there are a bit different rules to orthography, creating the Walnerian Fraktur Orthography (Walnerian: Rósbérisses fraktúr ortografie; in blackletter Rósbériſſes fraktúr ortografie), which guides the rules only for if the font is of the blackletter family.

Contrary to the popular opinion, the Fraktur Orthography is not the older Zusamëlfasunk orthography, but developed from it independently relative to the main Walnerian orthography.

A a
/a ~ ɑ/
Á á
/aː ~ ɑː/
Æ æ
/ɛː ~ æː/
B b
/b/
C c
/t͡s/
Cſ cſ cs
/t͡ʃ/
D d
/d/
E e
/ɛ ~ e/
É é
/ɛː ~ eː/
Ə ə
/ə ~ ◌̩/
F f
/f/
G g
/ɡ/
H h
/ɦ ~ h/
Ch ch
/x/
I i
/i ~ ɪ/
Í í
/iː ~ ɪː/
J j
/j/
K k
/k/
L l ľ
/l/
M m
/m/
N n
/n/
O o
/ɔ ~ o/
Ó ó
/ɔː ~ oː/
Œ œ
/ɛː ~ œː/
P p
/p/
Q q
/kv/
R r
/r/

/ʁ̩ ~ ə/
S ſ s
/s/
Sſ ſſ ſs
/ʃ/
T t
/t/
U u
/u/
Ú ú
/uː/
V v
/v/
W w
/w/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/y ~ yː/
Z z
/z/

Main difference from the main orthography is the preservation of the long S (ſ/ſ), vowel shift denotation symbols for shifts Ä→É (Æ/Æ) and Ö→É (Œ/Œ), usage of turned e (ə/ə) instead of ë, two miniscule versions of the letter L (ľ;l) and preservation of R rotunda (/ꝛ) rather than introducing ŕ.

Long and rounded S

S ſ s

The Fraktur orthography still uses both long and rounded S letters as a miniscule.

The rules on writing those are:

Both rounded S (s) & long S (ſ), if capitalizated, are written as a regular S

This applies to both digraphs including the letter S (Cſ/Cs & Sſ/Ss). Long S (ſ) is used again in the case, that the digraph stands on the beginning or the middle of a syllable, while Rounded S (s) is used if the digraphs stands on the end of a syllable or is syllabic.

The digraph ſs/ss always uses the long S for the initial letter of the digraph, creating variants:

  • Ss - For alone standing digraph Ss
  • Sſ - For the initial capitalised digraph Ss
  • ſſ - For the initial or medial letter of a syllable
  • ſs - For the finial letter of a syllable

Variants of the É

Besides the regular Éé/Éé, there are two more letters, the letter Ææ/Ææ, which stands in the places, where the sound is equivalent version to the Dolch sound Ä, and the letter Œœ/Œœ, which stands in the places, where the sound is equivalent version to the Dolch sound Ö. Those letters were used commonly in the regular orthography until mid 18th century.

Hard and soft L

L l ľ

The Fraktur orthography still uses both soft blackletter miniscule l (l) and hard blackletter miniscule l (ľ). It was originally taken from the Yasic soft and hard L rules, but eventually merged with other rules, simplifying it:

The rules on writing those are:

  • Soft L (l) is written before the vowels or if the letter is syllabic (that means, behind ə/ë)
  • Hard L (ľ) is written before consonants or on the end of the world

Comparison of the two orthographies

Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Normal Majuscule A Á B C Cs D E É Ë F G H Ch I Í J K L M N O Ó P Q R Ŕ S Ss T U Ú V W X Y Z
Minuscule a á b c cs d e é ë f g h ch i í j k l m n o ó p q r ŕ s ss t u ú v w x y z
Fraktur Majuscule A Á B C Cſ Cs D E É Æ Œ Ə F G H Ch I Í J K L M N O Ó P Q R S Sſ Ss T U Ú V W X Y Z
Minuscule a á b c cſ cs d e é æ œ ə f g h ch i í j k l ľ m n o ó p q r ſ s ſſ ſs t u ú v w x y z
IPA Sound a
ɑ

ɑː
b t͡s t͡ʃ
t͡ɕ
d ɛ
e
ɛː
ə
◌̩
f ɡ h
ɦ
x i
ɪ

ɪː
j k l m n ɔ
o
ɔː
p k͡v r ʁ̩
ə
s ʃ
ɕ
t u v w
ɰ
k͡s y
z

Marcation of Anglish in Walnerian

Th th ᵺ
Th th ᵺ

Walnerian-Anglish dictionary includes few notable characters in the translations, most notably:

  • A line below for the primary stress (as the stress is always on the first syllable in Walnerian proper).
    • Example: „Wh̩at w̩as ᵺ̩e obs̩ession ab̩out“
  • Slash through the miniscule th (making it a ) for the cases where the letter denotes the voiced dental fricative [ð], to distinguish it from the voiceless dental fricative [θ].
    • Example: „I̩ th̩ink ᵺ̩at ᵺ̩is th̩ing m̩ay b̩e ᵺ̩eirs“
  • Breve below silent letters, helping to denote them as not being pronounced (only for consonants), the digraph gh is written with a connecting single breve (making it a g͜h).
    • Example: „Th̩e ḫo̩norary c̩lass h̩ad t̩oo m̩any s̩ub̮tle th̩oug͜htful a̩nsw̮ers“

So the word "though" (RP: /ðəʊ/; GA: /ðoʊ/) would be found in the dictionary produced in Walneria as "ᵺ̩oug͜h"