Haydag language

Mokhavian
Mokha, Nanay
мохашы, наӈайл
Pronunciation	[mɔxas̙ɨ] , [naɴajl]
Native to	Qazhshava Mokhavia
Region	Southern Thuadia
Ethnicity	Mokhavians
Native speakers	L1 (Anteria): 58,400,000 L2 (Anteria): 24,600,000 L1 (Eurth): 4,570,000 L2 (Eurth): 630,000
Language family	Paleo-Qazhshavan Elmo-Adusian Adusian Mokhavic Nanaic Mokhavian
Standard forms	Pala
Dialects	Pala Echin Saqġa Marsha Laurentine Nashean
Writing system	Govoric
Official status
Official language in	Qazhshava
Recognised minority language in	Riamo Republic of Gomaya City of Nashe Mokhavia
Language codes
ISO 639-1	mh
ISO 639-2	mkh
ISO 639-3	-

Anteria

The Mokhavian language is the widely spoken of it's family, called Mokhavic, and the official language of the nation of Qazhshava. It is an ancient Thuadian tounge with no known ancestral conection to the surrounding Thuado-Thrismaran languages.

Eurth

The mokhavian langauge is an indigenous langauge spoken in central Argis, it is believed to be conected to the Vostauc langauges, mainly the Elmoric langauge, due to similar cognates, this hypothesis states that the Vostauc-Mokhavic langauges split around 5000 BCE.

Classification

As of yet, any attempts to link the Mokhavian languages to any other languages in the world have failed, altough some still believe its a very old relative to the Thuado-Thrismaran languages/Indo-European languages, which is only backed up by similar features which have been speculated and some proven to have come due to influence from said languages, and some reconstructed-proto words and existign root words that seem to have been borrowod from early forms of the slavic and germanic languages.

Dialects

The standart form of the Mokhavian language is based on the mezhian dialect, also known as the Southern Hill dialect.

History

TBA

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal		m		n			ŋ~ɴ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t				k	q
	voiced	b	d
Affricate	voiceless			t͡s t͡ɬ	t͡s̙
	voiced			d͡z	d͡z̙
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	s̙ (s̙ʷ)		x
	voiced	v	ð (ðʷ)	z	z̙		ɣ (ɣʷ)
Aproximant	voiced	w		l ɬ		j ɥ
	voiceless	ʍ
Tap & Trill	voiced		ɾ

Vowels

	Front		Central		Back
	R-	R+	R-	R+	R-	R+
Close	i		ɨ		ɯ̞	u
Open-Mid	ɛ					ɔ
Open	a~ɑ

Stress

Stress in Mokhavian used to fall on the first syllable of the root, and rarely on other syllables, but in the last few decades a stress shift has occured and currently stress isnt of much importance, mostly depending on the speaker.

Writing System

Mokhavian is written using the Govoric script, which was adopted around the 11th century, and used ever sence
Govoric version:

А а	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Дз дз	Е е	Ж ж	Ӝ ӝ	З з	Ҙ ҙ
И и	Й й	К к	Ӄ ӄ	Л л	Ԓ ԓ	М м	Н н	Ӈ ӈ	О о	П п
Р р	С с	Т т	Тԓ тԓ	У у	Ў ў	Ӱ ӱ	Ф ф	Х х	Хў хў	Ц ц
Ч ч	Ӵ ӵ	Ш ш	Ы ы	Ӹ ӹ	Ь ь	Ю ю	Я я

In the late 18th cnetury Lakhian and Lakkathan traders and travlers coming back from the Qazhshavan colony in Encessia brought back the Mkhedruli script which was adopted for their languages, due to the area being hard to access at the time, literacy rates in the mountains were low compared to other regions and the Mkhedruli script started being tought by locals to locals, eventually becoming part of the culture there.

Detailed table

Govoric	Name	IPA	Rom.	Mkhe.	Notes
А а	а	/a~ɑ/	a	ა	/ɐ/ when reduced.
Б б	бӹ	/b/	b	ბ
В в	вӹ	/v/	v	ვ
Г г	гӹ	/ɣ/	g	გ/ღ
Д д	дӹ	/d/	d	დ
Дз дз	дзӹ	/d͡z/	dz	ძ
Е е	е	/ɛ/	e	ე	/e~ɪ/ when reduced.
Ж ж	жӹ	/z̙/	ž	ჟ
Ӝ ӝ	жӹ	/d͡z̙/	Ǧ ǧ	ჯ
З з	зӹ	/z/	z	ზ
Ҙ ҙ	ҙӹ	/ð/	đ	ზ̭
И и	и	/i/	i	ი
Й й	йӹ	/j/	y	ი́	It appears as a first letter and after a vowel.
К к	кӹ	/k/	k	ქ
Ӄ ӄ	ӄӹ	/q/	q	ყ
Л л	лӹ	/l/	l	ლ	In words, between vowels gets changed to ⟨ԓ⟩. (aҙыл -> aҙыԓым)
Ԓ ԓ	ԓӹ	/ɬ/	ł	ლ᷄
Тԓ тԓ	тԓӹ	/t͡ɬ/	tł	თლ᷄
М м	мӹ	/m/	m	მ
Н н	нӹ	/n/	n	ნ	In words, between vowels gets changed to ⟨ӈ⟩. (єн -> єӈым)
Ӈ ӈ	ӈӹ	/ŋ~ɴ/	ň	ნ̭
О о	о	/ɔ/	o	ო
П п	пӹ	/p/	p	ფ
Р р	рӹ	/ɾ/, /r/	r	რ
С с	сӹ	/s/	s	ს
Т т	тӹ	/t/	t	თ
У у	у	/u/	u	უ
Ў ў	ўӹ	/w/	w	ვ́
Ӱ ӱ	ӱӹ	/ɥ/	ÿ	უ́
Ф ф	фӹ	/f/	f	ჶ
х х	хӹ	/x/	h	ხ
Хў хў	хўӹ	/ʍ/	hw	ჰ
Ц ц	цӹ	/t͡s/	c	წ
Ч ч	чӹ	/t͡s̙/	č	ჩ	Used only in foreign words.
Ӵ ӵ	чӹ	/c͡ç/	ć	ჭ
Ш ш	шӹ	/s̙/	š	შ
Ы ы	ы	/ɨ/	ï	ი̈
Ӹ ӹ	ӹ	/ɯ̞/	ü	ი̋	Usually written as /ɯ/ in phonetic transcriptions. Commonly pronounced as /ɤ/ in casual conversation, /ə/ when reduced.
Ь ь	єр бовал	/◌ʲ/	y	ი́	Used after consonants.
Ю ю	ю	/ju/	yu	ი́უ
Я я	я	/ja/	ya/е	ი́ა

Braille

TBA

Keyboard layout

TBA

Grammar

Syllable structure

Mokhavian's syllable structure is classed as fairly complex.

• (C)(C)V(C)(C)

Morphology

Mokhavian is generally an agglutinative language, there are many suffixes going into a verb, for example 'йорхелӑчкемеченой' (we wern't going to drink it), the verb can be broken down into parts 'йор-хе-лӑ-чкем-еч-ен-ой' . Each morpheme here contributes to the meaning of the verb tense or the person who has performed the verb.

Number & Articles

Mokhavian has 2 numbers; Singular and Plural

Plurality
	Multisyllabic	Monosyllabic
after C	-aр -ar	-ӑби -ӑbi
after V	-яр -yar	-яби -yabi

Mokhavian also has only a definite article

	Defenitiness
	Type1	Type2
Sing.	-(т)и -(t)i	-я -ya
Plur.	-тфи -tfi

Inflection

Mokhavian has a very high count of noun cases, that being 20 (listed below), most of these being motion and location cases,

Case Name	Suffix	Question Words	Example
Nominative	-	мо, рo (who, what; subject)	чам (a man; subject)
Genitive	-(и)с	мос, рос (whose, what's)	чамис (of a man)
Dative	-(а)по	мопо, ропо (to whom, to what/why)	чамапо (to a man)
Accusative	-й/иц	моц, роц (whom, what; object)	чамиц (a man; object)
Instrumental	-(а)но	моно, роно (with who, with what)	чамано (with a man)
Comitative	-мах	момах, ромах (with whom, with what)	чаммах (with a man)
Comparative	-бча	мобча, робча (like who, like what/how)	чамбча (like a man)
Inessive	-(а)ш	мош, рош (in who,/what)	чамаш (in a man)
Adessive	-ка	мока, рока (neer who, neer what)	чамка (neer a man)
Postessive	-зи	мози, рози (Behind who,/what)	чамзи (Behind a man)
Superessive	-ма	мома, рома (On top of who,/what)	чамма (on top of a man)
Subessive	-сен	мосен, росен (Under of who,/what)	чамсен (under a man)
Allative	-ле	моле, роле (towards who, where to)	чамле (towards a man)
Ablative	-сао	мосао, росао, мсао (from who,/what/where)	чамсао (from a man)
Lative	-шу	мошу, рошу (into who,/what)	чамшу (into a man)
Elative	-епе	моепе, роепе (Out of who,/what)	чамепе (out of a man)
Benefactial	-й/ижба	моижба, роижба (for who,/what)	чамижба (for a man)
Vocative	-/о,-е	-	чаме (man/dude!)
Adjective	-(а)в	роав (like what-adj)	чамав (manly -adj)
Adverbial	-дӑл	радӑл (how-adv)	чамдӑл (manly -adv)

Mokhavian uses Comparison forms of Adjectives and Adverbs:

• Positive - Bassic form of the word- lovely - кьемев
• Negative - Negation of the word - "unlovely" - юкьемев
• Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - lovelier - гвекьемев
• Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - loveliest - андокьемев
• Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - амӑнбокьемев

Pronouns

Mokhavian has a high number of inflected pronouns due to the number of cases it has.

			Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acu.	Ins.	Com.	Compr.	Ine.	Ade.	Poste.	Supe.	Sube	All.	Abl.	Lat.	Ela.	Bene.	Voc.	Adj.	Adv.
Singular	First		ме	мейс	ми	йец	мено	мемах	менле	мейш	мека	мези	мема	мепша	меле	месао	мехк	мепе	мейжба	-	мейв	мейдӑл
	Second		шен	шес	ше	шейц	шено	шемах	шенле	шейш	шека	шези	шема	шепша	шеле	шесао	шехк	шепе	шейжба	ши!	шев	шедӑл
	Third	proximal	ой	ойс	йо	ойц	ойно	оймах	ойнле	ойш	ойка	ойзи	ойма	ойпша	ойле	ойсао	ойхк	ойпе	ойжба	-	ойв	ойдӑл
		distal	ая	аяс	айо	айц	аяно	аямах	аянле	аяш	аяка	аязи	аяма	аяпша	аяле	аясао	аяхк	аяпе	аяйжба	-	аяв	аявдӑл
Plural	First		чен	ченaс	че		ченно	ченмах	ченнле	ченaш	ченка	чензи	ченма	ченпша	ченле	ченсао	ченахк	ченпе	ченижба	-	ченав	чендӑл
	Second		смен	сменaс	сме		сменно	сменмах	сменнле	сменaш	сменка	смензи	сменма	сменпша	сменле	сменсао	сменахк	сменпе	сменижба	сме!	сменав	смендӑл
	Third	proximal	они	онис	нийо	ониц	онино	онимах	онинле	ониш	оника	онизи	онима	онипша	ониле	онисао	онихк	онипе	онийжба	-	онив	онидӑл
		distal	ана	анас	анао	анац	анано	анамах	ананле	анаш	анака	анази	анама	анапша	анале	анасао	анахк	анапе	анайжба	-	анав	анавдӑл
Self			тоф	тофaс	то		тофно	тофмах	тофнле	тофaш	тофка	тофзи	тофма	тофпша	тофле	тофсао	тофахк	тофпе	тофижба	-	тофав	тофдӑл

Instead of using an auxiliary word for am/are/is the language instead has contracted forms of the pronouns and the word be

			Past		Present		Future		Future in the past
			-was	-NEG.was	-be	-NEG.be	-will.be	-NEG.will.be	-was.going.to	-NEG.was.going.to
Singular	First		тех	ютех	вам	ювам	ўa	юўa	хелум	юлум
	Second		цех	юцех	ци	юци	цўе	юцўе	хелуц	юлуц
	Third	proximal	ех	йех	ар	уюр	ўе	юўе	хелу	юлу
		distal
Plural	First		чех	ючех	веч	ювеч	ўач	юлуч	хелуч	юхелуч
	Second		смех	юсмех	вемс	ювемс	сўем	юлумс	хелумс	юхелумс
	Third	proximal	сех	юсех	сер	юсер	ўес	юўес	хелус	юлус
		distal

The language also uses possessive sufixes, one could say my dog and another dog-my, the only diference being that using a pronoun brings more emphasis to it.

			Suffix	Example
Singular	First		-й/им	кичим (my dog)
	Second		-й/иш	кичиш (your dog - sin.)
	Third	Proximal	-(и)йо	кичийо (his/her dog)
		Distal	-й/ия	кичия (his/her dog)
Plural	First		-ен	кичен (our dog)
	Second		-(е)сен	кичесен (your dog - plr)
	Third	Proximal	-(и)йоч	кичийоч (their dog)
		Distal	-й/ияч	кичияйч (their dog)

Verbs

Tenses

Mokhavian dosen't have conjunctions, if a verb dosen't fit into the template a filler affix -и- is incerted, and in the
бод - walk

Mood	Person	Number	Past		Present	Future		Future in the past
			Simple	Perfect	Simple	Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect
Indicative	1st	Singular	бодвади	бодкфади	бодва	бодвани	бодкфани	брабодвани	брабодкфани
		Plural	бодчади	бодбчади	бодча	бодчани	бодбчани	брабодчани	брабодбчани
	2nd	Singular	бодсди	боджди	бодс	бодсани	бодждани	храбодсани	храбодждани
		Plural	бодсемди	бодмзди	бодсем	бодсмани	бодмздани	храбодсмани	храбодмздани
	3d	Singular	бодиди	боддади	бодий	бодини	боддни	залбодини	залбоддни
		Plural	боднди	боддинди	бодни	сбодно	сбоддини	залбодно	залбоддини
Imperative	All	Singular			бодчи	бодчти
		Plural			бодчат	бодчтат

Direction

Mokhavian has a Polypersional agreement where a verb contains both the body doing the action and the body expiriencing the action.

		Prefix Direct	Prefix Possessive	Example
Self	Singular	то-	тас-	тобцесва (i drank myself - "i got drunk")	таскьемева кич (i love my dog)
	Plural			тобцесча (we drank ourselves - "we got drunk")	таскьемеча кичар (we love our dogs)
1st pers.	Singular	ме-	мис-	меможди (you hit me)	мискьемева кич (i love my dog)
	Plural	че-	чис-	чеӄрехс (you peel us)	чискьемей (he/she loves us)
2nd pers.	Singular	ши-	сьи-	шимовади (i hit you)	сьикьемева ӄеда (i love your hair)
	Plural	мсе-	сне-	мсемовади (i hit you)	снебцесвади брицаяр (i drank your beer)
3d pers.	Singular	и-	из-	ипсесди (you kissed him/her)	изяӄжди пичар (you eat his/her food)
	Plural	ай-	ич	айпсесди (you hit them)	ичяӄжди пичар (you eat their food)

Negatoin

For negation the prefix "ю(р)-" is added in singular, for example ибцесва(i drank it) and 'юрибцесва' (i didn't drank it).

Infinitive

In Mokhavian there is the infinitive prefix 'де-', for example: тодeбцесва ((me) to get drunk)

Repetitive

There is also a repetitive suffix '-чки-' which conveys the meaning that the action happened multiple times and/or is repetitive, for example: бцесчкива (i am drinking/i drink multiple times/repetitivly)

Template

basic Noun Template
Comparison	Noun	Plurality	Possessive suffix	Case suffix	Definite article

basic Verb Template
Negation prefix	Direction prefix	Infinite prefix	(Tense prefix)	Stem	Repetitive suffix	Tense/person/number	Question suffix

Synatx

Mokhavian is a pro-drop SOV-S language where possessees come before possessors, adjectives before nouns and it has postpositions.

Example of pro-drop (verbs are formed in OVS):

• ме ше мекьева - i love you
• шимекьева - i love you

Questions

Yes or No Questions

To form yes or no questions the suffix -(а)ка is used: for example "did i drink" - бцесвака

Interrogatives

Mokhavian	English
ро роц	what?
мо моц	who?
рамдо	how much/many
рое	which
робча	how
тао	why
мао	where
мой	when

Vocabulary

Mokhavian uses a word-derivation system. By using a root, and adding some definite prefixes, suffixes and conbining words, one can derive many nouns and adjectives from the root. For example, from the root -мохш-, the following words can be derived: Мохшали (a Mokhavian person), Намохшдене (the Mokhavian language) and Амохшфети (Mokhavia/Qazhshava), also сўан (word) + ача (book/read) becomes сўаняча (dictionary).

Numerals

The Mokhavian numberal system is decimal.

Cardinal numbers

	Mokhavian	Lakhian	Zal	Tghok
1	Цех	-	-	-
2	Кер	-	-	-
3	Сем	-	-	-
4	Ошт	-	-	-
5	Боў̑г	-	-	-
6	Лушну	-	-	-
7	Швен	-	-	-
8	Рор	-	-	-
9	Цхет	-	-	-
10	Ен	-	-	-
11	Енцехсен	-	-	-
12	Енкерсен	-	-	-
13	Енсемсен	-	-	-
14	Еноштсен	-	-	-
15	Енбоў̑гсен	-	-	-
20	Керен	-	-	-
21	Керен де цех	-	-	-
30	Семен	-	-	-
40	Оштен	-	-	-
50	Боў̑ген	-	-	-
60	Лушнўен	-	-	-
70	Швенен	-	-	-
80	Рорен	-	-	-
90	Цхетен	-	-	-
100	Ошӑр	-	-	-
101	Ошӑр де цех	-	-	-
102	Ошӑр де кер	-	-	-
110	Ошӑр де ен	-	-	-
200	Керошӑр	-	-	-
500	Боў̑гошӑр	-	-	-
1000	Витӑш	-	-	-
1999	Витӑш цхетшӑр де цхетен де цхет	-	-	-
2000	Кервитӑш	-	-	-
10000	Енвитӑш	-	-	-

Ordinal numbers

In mokhavian the circumfix

Mokhavian	Lakhian/Echin	Zal/Saqga	Tghok/Haydġa
ту-NUMBER-не	--NUMBER--	--NUMBER--	--NUMBER--

	Mokhavian	Lakhian/Echin	Zal/Saqga	Tghok/Haydġa
1st	Мартане	-	-	-
2nd	Тукерне	-	-	-
3rd	Тусемне	-	-	-
4th	Туоштне	-	-	-
5th	Тубоўгане	-	-	-

Language examples

Word examples

Category	English	Mokhavian
Basic expressions	yes	то (to)
	no	йо/ю (yo/yu)
	hello	нагчи (nagči) (informal)
		нагодчи ,нагодчат (nagodči, nagodčat) (formal)
	goodbye	ачао (аčao) (informal)
		бере лей (bere ley) (formal)
	good morning	ӄачўав кайто (qačwav kayto)
	good afternoon	ӄачўав антьеў (qačwav antyew)
	good evening	ӄачўав йесўа (qačwav yeswa)
		ӄачўав сисо (qačwav siso)
	good night	йехт сисо
	my name is ___	точў̑гева ___
		менахий ___
		ц̑гванойми ар ___
		мейс ц̑гваноти ар ___
Colours	black	мавр (mavr)
	blue	лезеб (lezeb)
	brown	кафев (kafev)
	grey	тўеца (tweca)
	green	зӑй (zӑy)
	orange	оран̑гe (oranġe)
	pink	тўевўе (twevwe)
	purple	липу (lipu)
	red	савўе (savwe)
	white	тўера (twera)
	yellow	аӄа (aqa)

Sentance examples

English	Mokhavian	Gloss
Preparation, speed, precision, these are essential when it comes to saving lives.	Накода, рив, бар̑га, хойр сех сагав мой яй депой ч̑гач̑генар.	Preparation , speed, percision, these 3p.be base-adj when need-3s INF-save-3s life-PL