Timeline of major events on Eurth

==Introduction==

Book cover of The Complete and Utter History of Eurth.

Eurth is the home wurld of eumanity, the only known intelligent life in the Euniverse. The earliest eumanoids were the Europithecus afropensis. It appeared about two million years ago and, in several early migrations, it spread throughout southwestern Europa. This region of Azania includes such countries as Jilderen, Cabarria, Afropa, Bhalman and Dragonryders. It was likely the first euman species to live in a hunter-gatherer society and to control fire. An adaptive and successful species, Europithecus afropensis persisted for more than a million years, and gradually diverged into new species by around 500.000 years ago, most notably Europithecus saharensis which adapted to live in a savannah-like climate of that time in Sa Hara. Civilisation is a cooperative product that all peoples have contributed to. It is considered eumanity's common legacy and debt.

Stone Age

Early human migrations on Eurth.

Reconstructed face of a Marenesian islander woman.

Rock inscriptions with early writing from Hakenium.

The Stone Age is subdivided in three periods. The oldest period or Paleolithic includes early human history before 15,000 BCE. Early humans were mostly confined to cave dwellings. They made use of stone tools, with findings between circa 2,3-1,8 mya. It isn't until much later that fire is mastered between circa 700-120 kya. Even so, human culture on Eurth remained relatively primitive until the development of language around 100 kya. And the first clothing was created even later with evidence dated between 70,000-40,000 BCE.

During the last glacial maximum (50 kya), the sea level was probably more than 110 meters lower than today. When glaciers advance and the climate is colder, glaciation occurs and sea levels drop. And when the climate is warmer, glaciers retreat, and sea levels rise, ushering in an interglacial period which is what we’re in right now. The first humans used this lower sea level to reach Marenesia and then Alharu. This ocean crossing is one of humanity’s important early achievements, even if it’s wrapped in mystery because no written records of this Cigarun civilization have been discovered. Heading south from Jilderen, with assistance from ocean currents and prevailing winds, there exists an advantageous 'ocean highway' of island hopping. Another, more controversial theory about the peopling of the New Wurld theories that humans could have migrated to Argis from northwestern Europa by boat along the drift ice of the North Adlantic Ocean. This theory is quite popular in Derthalen, but no serious scientists give this idea any credence.

The middle period or Mesolithic lasts from roughly 15,000 to 5,000 BCE. After the last Ice Age (11K), hunter-gatherers again spread north across the continent of Europa. This happened in multiple phases. We know this because of the pottery remains found in different styles. The beginning of the Holocene period (10K) is marked by the Neolithic Revolution and agriculture. Many farm animals were domesticated: pigs (11,000 BCE), sheep (11,000-9,000 BCE) and cattle (8,500 BCE). The same is true for the founder crops of agriculture (10,000-9,000 BCE) and rice (13,000-8,000 BCE). The human population of Azania and several other regions gradually began to adopt a more settled mode of living. This human activity has drastically changed the geography and biosphere of Eurth through urbanisation and deforestation. In ancient Memopotamia, the increased surpluses of food generated by agricultural production would soon lead to the blossoming of civilisation's first seeds.

The newest period or Neolithic lasts from 5,000 until 2,000 BCE. Technological innovations help to improve transportation. Rowing oars come into use (4,500 BCE) and the wheel is invented (3,500 BCE). The domestication of the horse (3.200 BCE) and camels (3,000 BCE) further advance this. The earliest seaworthy boats are around 2,500 BCE, enabling the re-exploration of the Marenesian islands by early sailors occurs between 3,000-1,000 BCE. Around 3,000 BCE the first writing system is developed, greatly improving the way information is exchanged and preserved.

Bronze Age

Bronze Age Eurth

Eurth during the Bronze Age.

Memopotamian king as Master of Animals, c. 3300-3200 BCE.

Seal of Shakyan figure surrounded by animals.

The increasing food surplus allowed the maintenance of full-time specialised workers who were not engaged in agriculture, such as merchants, weavers, metallurgists and craftsmen. City-states appear as urban centres surrounded by politically attached communities. The taxation and redistribution of food supplies lead to the formation of governments. Other major inventions and changes for this period include: copper and bronze metallurgy, the potter's wheel, ethnic gods and state religion.

Around the 4th millennium BCE, the complexity of trade and administration outgrew human memory, and writing became a more dependable method of recording and presenting transactions in a permanent form. The invention of writing coincides in some areas with the early beginnings of the Bronze Age.Some of the earliest writings contain mentions of seven 'mother-peoples' on Eurth. These cradles of civilisation inhabit roughly the same time period and are distinguished by unique trade craft and pottery. This includes: the Tribes of Yuropa and Land of Shinar in Azania; the seafaring confederation of Mari Teutā (Proto-Europan: Sea People) on the islands; the Golden River civilisation and Houses of Amari in the Orient; the two remaining civilisations are unknown.

Iron Age

Eurth in 1000 BCE.

The main difference between this age and the previous is the replacement of copper and bronze tools with the much stronger iron. This has a distinct technological advantage when it comes to making iron tools and weapons. Locations that previously held an important position in the non-iron trade lose importance, while strategic iron suppliers are on the rise. The change also impacts the economic relations, requiring more trade and much specialisation. The increased trade often comes with additional taxes.

On a political level, the strongest city-states turn into small local Kingdoms. Culturally, one or more religions become sanctioned by the state. The most well-known examples of early kingdoms are Hakkad in Memopotamia, Proto-Jilderen in Azania, and the Shakyan principalities on the west-coast of the Jasmine Sea in the Orient. The rise of one state leads to the decline, fall and sometimes resurgence of another.

Classical Age

The Classical Age lasts from approximately 1000 BCE to 500 CE.

1000-500 BCE

Eurth in 500 BCE.

Ugeral erects stone circles near Utewae in Jilderen.

Smaller local kingdoms turn into regional Empires. Northern Europa was occupied by Buranian tribes, from pre-Thelarike and early Volsci in the north, to steppe people such as Akiiryu near Amutia. Oriental nations developed along the eastern shores, later forming the Three Kingdoms of Jaihu, Koku to Ide Jima. Island nations such as Miiros and Orioni developed on the fringes.

• 1004 BCE: The Union of Clans is formed in Jilderen.
• 1000 BCE: King Archaeminos founds the Archaeminoan dynasty in Azania. It becomes the largest empire of its age.
• 980 BCE: Rebellious allied tribes in early Orioni appoint a Queen to better fight the Tigrai province of the Medani Empire.
• 900 BCE: Proto-Aloorian culture in Europa starts as various smaller groups are forced towards the sea by larger clans and realms. The proto-Aloorians focus on seafaring and the sea in general, seeing it as a new opportunity and a way to get away from their enemies.
• 800-300 BCE: The Axial age brings forth new ways of thinking regarding religion and philosophy, in a striking parallel development, without any obvious direct cultural contact between all of the participating cultures. Key thinkers from this age had a profound influence on future philosophies and religions.
• 800 BCE: First evidence of a single proto-Aloorian language, further aiding trade and knowledge sharing between the various areas. Organised religion starts playing a role as a singular, unified language enabled sharing the oral traditions of the various groups.
• 800 BCE: Proto-Tapelt civilizations collapse due to changing climate on the Palu Peninsula.
• 753 BCE: Ugeral the Savage proclaimed himself High King in Jilderen.
• 650-550 BCE: Proto-Tapelt diverged into the Old Tapelt and Old Pekateka.
• 536 BCE: Erwanin queendom defeats the Medani Empire is defeated and becomes the first Orioni Empire.

500-0 BCE

Eurth in 50 BCE.

• 500 BCE: The Hereskus Empire in Memopotamia gains independent from the  Archaeminoan Empire.
• 500 BCE: Some untold disaster forces proto-Aloorians groups to come together and merge, heavily increasing the population density and forcing creative solutions for homelessness among new inhabitants.
• 475 BCE: Usage of derelict or otherwise unused ships as living space becomes common among proto-Aloorians. At first, these vessels are brought on land and used to build shelter; later on, shanty towns start to form on the water with large families inhabiting multiple boats.
• 437 BCE: Vinmarian the Fair becomes ruler in Jilderen.
• 330 BCE: In Occidental Europa, the boy-king Alexander of Adthens dreamed of conquering the known world. Starting in his home city of Adthens, he conquered the four known corners of the Occident. His death came prematurely.
• 150 BCE: The Aroman Empire emerges in northwestern Europa. Built on top of the Alexandrian empire, they expand into a much larger territory by conquering central Europa.
• 110 BCE: Humyara Kingdom established in Azania.
• 50 BCE: Further expansion by foreign groups force the first groups of Aloorian travelers to exist. Generations of already living on ships aid those first groups with getting accustomed to the sea gypsy life.

0-500 CE

Eurth in 500 CE.

• 59 CE: An Aroman merchant vessel, blown off its course, lands in Marenesia. Its wreck was found at the bottom of $Name Bay near Deopolis, Salvia. Amphoras found in the ship are in fact similar in shape to jars produced in kilns at Tellakois, on the west coast of Adaptus.
• 100 CE: Proto-Aslo migration and invasion of the Palu Peninsula.
• 125 CE: The Christian apostle Liosous arrives in what is now Tanemum and spreads Christianity throughout Salvia.
• 200 CE: The Aroman Empire becomes too large to be governed from a single location. It is split into two self-governing halves. Internal mismanagement and external threats cause the Empire to collapse. Its core remains continued as Tagmatium and Adaptus. The Aroman influences can still be felt by the language ties extending as far south as the Byzantine Sea, from Byzantium Nova (west) to Mantella (east).
• 220 CE: The Volsci and other coastal Buran sailors take advantage of the West-Aroman collapse to resume piracy on the Kosscow Sea and other nearby waters.
• 420 CE: Colonists from the country of Atmora make their way into the Auraid Bay, successfully colonizing and founding Gut Atmora, under the rule of the Atmoran High King, Totgald.
• 420 CE: No sedentary groups remain, all Aloorians live on naval vessels for, at the least, the majority of the year. Due to the large size of the Europan waterways, the Aloorians slowly separate between Northern and Southern groups; each known for their own specialty, customs and ship types. Many of the * * 450 CE: various coastal regimes in Europa hire Aloorian vessels and groups for one reason or another at some point in time.
• 450 CE: Proto-Aslo dominance of the Palu Peninsula at it's greatest extent.

Post-Classical Era

This period is characterised by the presence of hereditary monarchs. The elites receive their power from landowning and military dominance. Trade remains dominated by guilds to keep production low. Small-scale economic production occurs in the home. The bottom of society is made up of serfs with limited rights and freedoms. The faith in God is universally accepted, with reverence for the past and shapes all intellectual life.

2nd Century

• 100 Tacolism becomes widespread in the Ibro River Valley. Disciples of Saints James the Greater, Saint Paul, and Saint John the Apostle establish a church in the walls of Léon dei Veio.

6th century

• 500: Late Aroman Empire persists in Byzantium Nova.
• 520s: Humyara Kingdom in Azania loses its independence, becoming a tributary state of Qubdi.
• 555: The First Plague appears in Youtabonia. Rages across the continent of Europa, and persists in small pockets until the circa 700.
• 575: Salamic Golden Age in Hakenium and Sa Hara. It lasts nearly five centuries until approximately 1250.

7th century

The combined three banners used by Nabi Hanan's forces.

• 622: Nabi Hanan moved from Hakkad to Raj Frut in Mahdah. His teachings to great achievements in Salamic theology and science.
• 665: For unknown reasons, anger grows in Gut Atmora and a war for independence from their home country of Atmora strikes. Atmora gains the upper hand for the first half of the war until the Atmoran general Ysgramor and his five sons joined the side of the rebels. Raising an army of 500 men and women known as the Zeymahzin, he drove back the Atmoran forces despite being outnumbered using his tactical knowhow. By the end of the war, he valiantly proclaimed independence and his new rule over the lands of Vataanjunaar.

8th century

Codex Aromanum, c. 700.

• 700: The Léonid Kingdom rises to prominence by consolidating the fertile lands in the north of the Ibro Valley.
• 700: In Byzantium Nova the Codex Aromanum is compiled, the earliest surviving complete manuscript from the Aroman Empire.
• 731: First incidence of plague in Orioni in the colonial city of Ishikamo.
• 750: The first Aroman expeditions arrive in the Ibro River Valley.

9th century

Olrik Naddoddson and his men follow the San. Early wurld maps display south at the top.

• 800: The Sacred Aroman Realm (Regnum Sanctum Arhomanus Orientalis) is formed, an independent continuation of the old Aroman Empire.
• 887: Olrik Naddoddson is banished from Thelarike "because of some killings". He and his family lead a Buranian exploration into the Adlantic Ocean.

10th century

• 900-1400: The tenth century was the start of the Little Ice Age, a disruption in glubal climatic patterns. This resulted in generally cooler and wetter temperatures. These strongly affected the rainy season, which in the fourteenth century manifested into a general trend of intense colds and snowfall in the polar steppes, irregular droughts in temperate climates, and seemingly unending rainfall in subtropical areas. It had a significant impact on farming harvests. This, in turn, led to increased conflict, human migration, spread of disease. Certainly not a good time to be alive.
• 987: The first plague reaches Orioni mainland via Vega in October 987.
• 999: Wars between the Léonid Confederation and the Stillian League are fought. The conflict is largely a stalemate and ends with L'Union

11th century

Eurth in 1000 CE.

• 1023-1174: Civil war in Orioni between the Akrep dynasty and Loyalists.
• 1030: L'Union. 5 kingdoms around the Ibro valley unite as an Iberic Empire under the marriage of Queen Isabella of Stille ét Léonia with King Ferran of Tacalonia ét Argon.
• 1036: Mahana is united following the wars between the Kurula Dynasty and the Nadal Empire
• 1050: The Little Ice Age causes the Adlantic Ocean's pack ice to grow.

12th century

• 1172: City of Saint Christ becomes part of the Eternal Empire of Hémus.

13th century

Alyp Manas leading the Buranian horde, c. 1250.

• 1200: On this date, the leadership of the Tacolic Church disseminated its codified doctrinal works to the people of the Empire.
• 1205:  Babluqiya Sultanate subjugates Qubdi.
• 1250: Invasion of Buran from the Central Europan Steppes.
• 1270: Formation of the Crescent Empire.
• 1277: Buranian expansion halted after the Battle of Montgisard.

14th century

• 1300: Pseudo-Ottoman Empire is formed and lasts until the early 1900s.
• 1315: The Great Famine lasts until 1317.
• 1340: The Black Death strikes again, this timing lasting until circa 1400.

15th century

• 1430: The Iberic Empire experiences a flourishing of arts and learning known as the Imperial Renaissance or Renacimineto Imperiale.
• 1480: Crescent Empire expands out of the Palu Peninsula as a hegemonic empire.

Modern Age

Early Modern Age

Eurth in 1500 CE.

One of the first complete maps of Eurth.

This age lasts approximately from 1500-1800.

• 1300-1600: The Elevation is a great period of rebirth of classical-based art and learning that began in the 14th Century. From the Old Arhoman elevationam (nominative elevatio) meaning "a lifting up," noun of action from past participle stem of elevare.
• 1400-1700: The Age of Reconnection is a broad designation for a period of increased overseas exploration. It's marked by emerging globalisation. Many lands previously forgotten during the Post-Classical Age were re-discovered. Since the majority of these lands were already populated, explorers were often seen as invaders.
• 1534: Great Burlingtonian Civil War.
• 1540: The island of Seylos is settled by the exiled King Harold and his supporters.
• 1593-1606: Thirteen Years' War was an indecisive land war between the Memopotamian sultanates and the Orioni Empire.
• 1590: The Iberic Revolution begins; commonly called L'Malcisma in Tacalan. In 1593, hundreds of thousands of Iberics flee in a diaspora event known as the The Gran Viatge.
• 1620: The first Iberics arrive in Argis; Deiargon's Fleet settles what will be known as the Iverican Peninsula.
• 1620: The first Iverican Republic is founded.
• 1690: Iverica begins its colonisation of Western Alharu by founding a colonial outpost in Concepción in modern-day Mauridiviah.

Late Modern Age

Eurth in 1800 CE.

Emperor Nicolas I in 1811.

Mark Karl, founding father of Plebism.

Look, strike for the common day!

Drive the searching storm of time. Keep a sigh so far away. Fall in strait and leaden rhymes. Slow, the path is bound for them, Drive the tribes and build a State. Maids and beauty of a gem,

Formed to close the lines of fate.

—Plebist revolutionary song, 1868.

This age lasts approximately from 1750-1900. Marked by strong political and industrial revolutions.

• 1702: Iverica installs a satrap-style government over the republics of Cashar. From this period to 1720, Iverica aggressively expands around the areas of modern-day San Castellino and western Aurelia.
• 1746: Disagreements between provincial governments weaken the First Iverican Republic and allow a nationalist party member, Maximo Olivar, to seize control of the government. Olivar begins a dictatorial reign until he is overthrown by the Horse Grenadiers in 1765.
• 1750-1850: Political Revolutions.
• 1760-1830: First industrial revolution including textile, steam, iron, mining, gas.
• 1775-1825: The first explorers set out to find Terra Congruentia Incognita, a large landmass theorised by classical mathematician Metagoras of Arhomaneia (550–480 BCE), located past the southern Antargic Circle.
• 1777: Establishment of the Empire of Dolchland.
• 1795-1797: War of the Habstrian Succession between all of the powers of Dolchland, especially Habstria and Panedonia.
• 1804-1809: Delamarian War of 1804 between Labradoria and Lysian Columbia.
• 1807-1832: Eustacian Wars involving Kirvina, Shffahkia.
• 1811:  Nicolas Panoleon rises to prominence during the Lysian Revolution of 1799 and leads several successful campaigns against the Sacred Aroman Realm. He reigned as Emperor Nicolas I from 1811 until 1818.
• 1814: Sacred Aroman Realm is defeated by Nicolas I and dissolved.
• 1816: Great Famine kills 650.000 people. The massive eruption of Mount Synturia dispersed ash around the world, significantly lowering temperatures, leading to failed harvests.
• 1850-1900: Second industrial revolution including steel, chemical, automobile, petroleum, rubber.
• 1852: Delamaria annexes Kingdom of Nassaua.
• 1853: Limonaian conquest of the Crescent Empire. Subsequent establishment of the Colony of Metztlitlalio.
• 1859: Biologist Stephen Erwin publishes his theory of evolution in About the Provenance of Living Organisms. The inspiration for this theory came from his earler expedition to Oyus on the HMS Foxhound.
• 1866: Mark Karls (1818-1883) is exiled from Variota. The philosopher, economist and chrometophobis takes refuge in Fulgistan, where he publishes his Plebeian Manifesto and calls for a global revolution. The first Transnational Plebiscite is organised in Batengdei.
• 1867-1883: Wars of Liberation in Girkmand.

20th Century

Eurth in 1900 CE.

Transition from a world of empire to a global international system organised around the sovereign state.

• 1908: The Bashan Offensive, ending after the signing of the Treaty of Mahanaim which establishes the Trucial States of the Bashan.
• 1910: Economic crisis.
• 1915: Byzantine Flu.
• 1923-1927: Fulgistani Revolutionary War.
• 1927: Economic crisis
• 1932-1956: Long War or 'War of Imperialist Aggression'.
• 1940-1975: Humanity enters the Atomic Age.
• 1941-1947: Thalassan War, involving Andalla, Iverica, Sunset Sea Islands, Giokto, and Kipan.
• 1943: Economic crisis.
• 1949-1954: First Argic War.
• 1947-1979: Decolonisation. The imperial powers gave up most of their overseas territories, often because they were forced to do so by popular movements or wars of national liberation.

Eurth in 1950 CE.

• 1950: Humanity enters the Jet Age.
• 1954: Europan Commercial Alliance is formed.
• 1955: Humanity enters the Space Age.
• 1958: Economic crisis.
• 1959: Deltannia regains its independence from Volsci.
• 1959: Law of the Seas convention is signed in Sunset Sea Islands.
• 1959-1974: Selayari Civil War.
• 1964: Sevrunian rebellion.
• 1965: Oil Producing Eurthican Countries (an organization) is formed.
• 1966: Mediargic Missile Crisis begins when missile weaponry proliferates in the Central Argic region.
• 1968-1974: Second Argic War involving Iverica, Prymont, Ostport, Hellenic Rus and Germanic Staat.
• 1972-1975: Great Alharun War.
• 1974: Economic crisis.
• 1974: Group of Island Nations formed.
• 1975: Humanity experiences a Digital Revolution.
• 1979: Unification of Prymont.
• 1989: Cambrian Uprising & Insurgency.
• 1991: Marenesian Wars.
• 1991: Economic crisis.
• 1993-1995: Qothwane Crisis begins, ending with the joint invasion of Qothwane Confederation.
• 1997-2004: Sanarijan Civil War.
• 1995: Humanity enters the Information Age.
• 1996: Second Mediargic Missile Crisis.

Long War (1932-1956)

Thalassan War (1941-1947)

First Argic War (1949-1954)

Second Argic War (1968-1974)

Great Alharun War (1972-1975)

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Major wars of the 20th century

21st Century

0px

An anonymous Cicada member wearing Plague doctor mask.

Taskforce heading to Tarragat Island.

2020 Gungkoshi train collision in Heiheguo.

UENA 2018 World Cup in Orioni.

• 2003: Cicada collective relases secret documents obtained through computer hacking and cyber attacks against several governments, institutions and corporations.
• 2006
  • May 26: Tarragat Island War.
  • June 29: The Entente of Oriental States is formed.
• 2007: Banking crisis.
• 2009: End of the Metztlitlalio civil war. Agilnaj dissolved.
• 2018-2019: The island nation of Eire experiences the loss of its duke. The resulting succession ends with the integration of Eire into the Kingdom of Seylos.
• 2018:
  • June 14-July 15: 2018 UENA World Cup.
• 2019
  • May 22: Dalstavian War erupts between Anatea and Ruthenia.
  • October 15: Establishment of the League of Alharu and Aurelian Native Nations.
  • October 21: The island of Ceris to the west of Seylos, experiences a major economic and societal collapse. Seylos and several other nations attempt to intercede to stabilize the island whilst also planning to grab influence and power in the process.
  • April 30: a multi-national referendum between the Iberic states of Iverica, The Duchy of Verde, Vasqqa, Greater Galicia, and Narva results in the favour of the federalisation motion.
• 2020
  • May 9: 2020 Gungkoshi train collision
  • May 19: The Hodrean city of Liechnenfax is attacked and razed by Sentist forces culminating in the largest non-nuclear explosion ever created and the largest death toll of any single event numbering over two million civilians.
  • November 11: The Federated Commonwealth of New Iberium is formed when the heads of state of the Iberic Coalition sign the Charter of Reunification.
  • November 22: The November 22nd Attacks take place, killing then President of Delamaria, Pierre Monroe along with multiple bystanders, the attack was blamed on sentists. It is widely thought that this was in retaliation to Delamarian anti-piracy operations which targeted Sentist and affiliated groups in the Dolch sea.
• 2021
  • April 10-present:  2021 Anglian War erupts.
• 202xs: Start of the Oil Wars.